.

What's Hot in Workers' Comp

What's Hot in Workers' Comp - News and Results*

What’s Hot in Workers’ Comp, Vol. 26, No. 3, March 2022

March 1, 2022

NEWS

Frank Wickersham and Mike Duffy (King of Prussia, PA) presented a webinar for Lorman Education Services, “Unique Workers’ Compensation Aspects of Independent Contractors and Traveling Employees.” The course provided an overview of the many components considered by the courts in determining whether a worker was in an employment relationship at the time of an injury to determine compensability.
 

RESULTS*

Michael Duffy (King of Prussia, PA) won on a termination petition for a low back injury that occurred in 2017. Surgery was recommended for the claimant, but he refused. Instead, the claimant had radiofrequency ablation procedures and injections performed over a period of five years. The judge found that Dr. Rushton, the defense medical expert, was more credible than the claimant’s expert.

Ben Durstein (Wilmington, DE) was successful on appeal before the Delaware Supreme Court, which affirmed the Superior Court’s decision. The Supreme Court affirmed an opinion of the Superior Court and the decision of the Industrial Accident Board that denied the claimant’s petition for a recurrence of total disability benefits due to a worsening of her complex regional pain syndrome. The court relied upon the Superior Court’s reasoning and holding that there was substantial evidence to support the Board’s ultimate determination and preference for the medical expert and vocational expert opinions of the employer over those of the claimant’s experts.

Tony Natale (Philadelphia, PA) successfully defended a claim and penalty petition on behalf of a nationwide vision-wear supply company. The judge dismissed the claimant’s petitions on three bases. First, it was established on cross examination that the claimant’s medical expert relied on the wrong mechanism of injury in arriving at his opinions on causation. Second, surveillance showed that the claimant was not disabled as alleged and was able to perform activities contrary to his testimony, and third, the claimant was working for another company despite his allegations to the court and his expert that he could not work.

Tony also successfully prosecuted a termination petition on behalf of a northeastern Pennsylvania trucking company. The claimant was involved in a horrific accident involving an 18-wheeler and a negligent auto driver. The carrier accepted a cervical spine strain injury and paid benefits. Ultimately, an IME was undertaken, and the claimant was pronounced fully recovered. When the termination petition was filed, the claimant alleged additional injuries in the form of cervical radiculopathy and lumbar radiculopathy, the latter allegedly related to a cervical injection causing lumbar radicular complaints. Tony convinced the trial judge that the original injury was limited to a cervical muscle/ligament injury; that the claimant fully recovered from that injury; that the claimant had no true cervical radiculopathy; and that an injection in the neck cannot cause lumbar radiculopathy. Benefits were completely terminated.

Tony successfully defended a Berks County farm and mushroom supplier in litigation surrounding a claim with an alleged shoulder tear and surgery against a backdrop of two additional tears and surgery dependent on the outcome of the case. Based on the direct and cross exam of the expert witnesses, Tony convinced the trial judge that the claimant’s shoulder tear was not work-related. MRI films generated before and after the tear could not be linked to the claimant’s one-armed work that he was performing months before the injury.

Tony successfully prosecuted a modification petition on behalf of a Berks County farm and mushroom supplier. The claimant sustained injuries to his hand and wrist in the form of a strain, CTS and TFCC tear. Tony was able to convince the trial judge that despite these injuries, the claimant was capable of working within modified restrictions. Consequently, the claimant’s benefits were modified in accordance with the job offer.

Tony successfully prosecuted a termination petition and defended a review petition on behalf of a Berks County mushroom farm and supply company. The claimant sustained a shoulder tear at work. After a full recovery petition was filed, the claimant alleged that an unspecified hand injury, along with the shoulder injury, continued to be disabling. Tony convinced the trial judge that the work injury was limited to a shoulder tear and the tear had fully and completely recovered. All benefits were terminated.

Judd Woytek (King of Prussia, PA) successfully defended a claim petition where the claimant was seeking benefits for the time period he had to quarantine after a possible COVID-19 exposure. The claimant admitted that he never tested positive for COVID. The judge agreed with Judd’s argument that the claimant had, therefore, not suffered an injury or contracted an occupational disease under the Pennsylvania Workers’ Compensation Act. The claim petition was denied and dismissed.
 
Judd also successfully prosecuted a petition to compel a claimant to undergo an MRI of his knee, which the claimant opposed due to allegedly having metal in his eye. The claimant admitted, however, that he had previously had MRIs performed. The judge directed the claimant to undergo x-rays of his eyes and, if clear, to undergo the MRI of the knee.
 
In a second successfully prosecuted a petition to compel an IME handled by Judd, the claimant had refused to cooperate with the IME doctor’s office and complete informational questionnaires. He also brought a priest along to the IME. The judge ordered the claimant to attend the rescheduled IME and complete the requested questionnaires and forms.
 
Judd was partially successful in defense of a claim petition and in prosecution of a termination petition. The judge agreed with Judd’s argument that the claimant had failed to present any evidence of disability related to his October 2020 injury until the date of his shoulder surgery in February 2021. The judge also granted a partial termination of benefits with regard to the claimant’s cervical and lumbar injuries.
 
Finally, Judd was successful in defending the claimant’s appeal from a judge’s decision that denied the claimant’s claim petition and Utilization Review Petition and granted our termination petition relating to a Medical-Only Notice of Compensation Payable. The Appeal Board affirmed the judge’s decision in its entirety by crediting Judd’s arguments raised at oral argument and in his brief.

*Prior Results Do Not Guarantee A Similar Outcome
 

What’s Hot in Workers’ Comp is prepared by Marshall Dennehey Warner Coleman & Goggin to provide information on recent legal developments of interest to our readers. This publication is not intended to provide legal advice for a specific situation or to create an attorney-client relationship. We would be pleased to provide such legal assistance as you require on these and other subjects when called upon. ATTORNEY ADVERTISING pursuant to New York RPC 7.1 Copyright © 2022 Marshall Dennehey Warner Coleman & Goggin, all rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reprinted without the express written permission of our firm. For reprints or inquiries, or if you wish to be removed from this mailing list, contact tamontemuro@mdwcg.com.

Firm Highlights

Thought Leadership

Supreme Court of Pennsylvania Holds That Public Policy Does Not Prevent Insurance Coverage for Sex Trafficking Claims

On July 21, 2026, the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania issued an opinion emphasizing the limited circumstances in which courts may invoke public policy to bar insurance coverage, holding in Samsung Fire & Marine Insurance Co., Ltd. (U.S. Branch) v. RI Settlement Trust that Pennsylvania public policy does not preclude coverage for claims alleging that insureds enabled or profited from human sex trafficking. The decision rejects a line of federal district court decisions predicting otherwise and reinforces that Pennsylvania courts will invoke the public policy doctrine only in the clearest of circumstances. RI Settlement is particularly significant because it arose on certified questions from the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit, giving the Supreme Court the opportunity to resolve an issue on which federal courts had predicted Pennsylvania law differently. RI Settlement arose out of four separate civil complaints in which the underlying plaintiffs alleged that, as minors, they were the victims of human sex trafficking at various hotels in Philadelphia. The plaintiffs claimed that the hotel owners were negligent in failing to stop the sex trafficking from happening at their hotels. After the filing of the lawsuits, the hotel owners sought coverage under their Commercial General Liability policies. The insurers initially defended the hotels under Reservation of Rights letters, though the carriers later filed Declaratory Judgment actions seeking declarations that they did not owe a duty to defend or indemnify. In short, the insurers argued in the alternative that they did not owe any obligation to provide coverage based upon Pennsylvania public policy (because the claims violated the Human Trafficking Law – 18 Pa.C.S. § 3011) and the terms and conditions of the policy. On motions for judgment on the pleadings, the District Court found for the insurers on the basis of public policy: There is no duty to defend or indemnify against actions arising out of an insured's criminal conduct related to the sex trafficking of minors. The Court appreciates that it may make public policy the basis of a judicial decision only in “the clearest of cases.” See Minnesota Fire & Cas. Co. v. Greenfield, 589 A.2d 854, 868 (Pa. 2004) (quoting Hall v. Amica Mut. Ins. Co., 648 A.2d 755, 760 (Pa. 1994)). Yet, the Court strains to imagine a clearer case than the one presented here in which the facts alleged indicate that Policyholders engaged in criminal conduct in violation of Pennsylvania's Human Trafficking Law. The hotel owners appealed the matter to the Third Circuit, which petitioned the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania to grant review of two certified questions of law: (1) whether Pennsylvania law had an “overriding public policy” against sex trafficking, such that an insurer’s duty to defend and/or indemnify is abrogated when an insured is alleged to have enabled or profited from such trafficking; and (2) if yes, is that duty abrogated whenever the insured’s alleged conduct would constitute a violation of the Pennsylvania Human Trafficking statute. Importantly, the certified questions did not ask the Supreme Court to determine whether the policies afforded coverage under their terms. Rather, the court was asked only whether Pennsylvania public policy independently barred coverage. As a result, the court assumed for purposes of answering the certified questions that the insurers otherwise owed a duty to defend and addressed only the public policy issue, leaving all policy-based coverage defenses for further proceedings. Because the court concluded that the answer to the first certified question was “no”, it did not reach the second issue. In reaching its determination that Pennsylvania public policy does not prohibit insurance coverage for sex trafficking claims, the court limited the impact of its decision in Minnesota Fire & Cas. Co. v. Greenfield, 855 A. 2d 854, 855 (Pa. 2004), which the RI Settlement opinion emphasized as having been an “Opinion Announcing Judgment of the Court” – or a plurality opinion. In Greenfield, the insured homeowner was sued by the estate of his houseguest who overdosed from heroin that he sold to her. The matter wound its way to the Supreme Court, which determined that the insurer did not owe a duty to defend or indemnify based upon Pennsylvania public policy, which criminalized the sale and use of heroin as a Schedule I narcotic. In RI Settlement, the court “decline[d] the invitation” to extend the rationale of the three-justice plurality in Greenfield beyond cases involving Schedule I controlled substances. In so holding, the justices in RI Settlement refused to “divine an overriding public policy pronouncement by the General Assembly by virtue of its enactment of the Human Trafficking Law.” The opinion further states that it is not “within the purview of this Court to rank the magnitude of the public policy underlying the various crimes defined in the Crimes Code. It is sufficient for the work of the courts to know that the General Assembly has identified conduct it deems harmful and dangerous to the maintenance of an orderly society and criminalized it.” While the court declined to declare that Pennsylvania public policy prohibits coverage for sex trafficking claims, the opinion in RI Settlement expressly states that insurers are free to include appropriate exclusionary language for such causes of actions in their policies if they desire to do so. It will certainly be interesting to see whether the insurance industry accepts the court’s invitation, or perhaps whether the Pennsylvania legislature steps in to clarify that sex trafficking claims are indeed of the type or magnitude that they should not be covered by insurance. In any event, we will, of course, continue to monitor this and other insurance coverage issues that arise before courts in Pennsylvania, New Jersey and throughout our firm’s geographic footprint and around the country.

Thought Leadership

Court Allows Recklessness and Punitive Damages Claims to Proceed After Work‑Zone Crash

In a case where a defendant filed preliminary objections against allegations of recklessness and punitive damages, the Susquehanna County Court of Common Pleas denied these preliminary objections. This case stems from a motor vehicle accident, where the defendants car struck the plaintiffs car after the defendant allegedly fell asleep at the wheel, going at a high rate of speed, through a construction work zone. Defendant first objected to the general allegations throughout the plaintiff’s complaint pertaining to “reckless” conduct contending that there were insufficient factual allegations to support the claim of reckless conduct. Defendant next objected to the plaintiffs claim for punitive damages, as punitive damages may only be assessed against a motorist for falling asleep while driving if there is further evidence to prove driver was aware of their drowsiness and risk of falling asleep. Lastly, defendant objected to plaintiffs complaint, claiming it lacked specificity. The court here found that the plaintiff had included in the complaint specific allegations related to the defendant’s alleged recklessness, including allegations regarding speeding in a work zone, almost striking the flagger, falling asleep at the wheel, and striking the plaintiffs vehicle which was stopped. Additionally, the court noted that falling asleep does not come without warning. The court found that these allegations were sufficient to support an allegation of recklessness at the pleadings stage.

Thought Leadership

New Jersey Appellate Division Affirms Exclusion of Legal Malpractice Expert as Impermissible Net Opinion

Jack Slimm and Jeremy Zacharias obtained a favorable decision on behalf of their client in a case centering on the admissibility of expert testimony in legal malpractice actions. In Martin v. Loury, the New Jersey Appellate Division affirmed the exclusion of a plaintiff's legal malpractice expert, holding that the expert's opinions on causation and damages were too speculative to support the malpractice claim. The legal malpractice action arose from an underlying employment dispute involving claims for damages stemming from the breach of an employment agreement. The plaintiff alleged that defense counsel committed malpractice during a second trial by failing to recall the plaintiff as a rebuttal witness after the employer's CEO testified. According to the plaintiff's expert, additional rebuttal testimony would have bolstered the plaintiff's damages claims and led to a more favorable result. Both the trial court and the Appellate Division rejected that theory. The courts found that the expert could not explain how the proposed rebuttal testimony would have altered the outcome of the underlying case or resulted in any additional recoverable damages. Notably, the trial judge in the underlying employment matter had already rejected the CEO's testimony as not credible and had accepted the damages analysis advanced by the plaintiff. The court had also determined that the amount of damages was not genuinely disputed. As a result, the expert's opinion that additional rebuttal testimony would have produced a better outcome was unsupported by the record and based on speculation rather than evidence. The Appellate Division agreed that neither the plaintiff nor the expert could identify any actual damages attributable to the alleged malpractice or demonstrate the required element of proximate causation. The court further upheld the trial court's application of New Jersey's net opinion doctrine, finding that the expert failed to provide the necessary "why and wherefore" supporting his conclusion that the attorney's conduct caused a compensable loss. Because the opinions rested on unquantified possibilities rather than demonstrable facts, they were inadmissible. Key Takeaway for Legal Malpractice Defendants For attorneys and firms defending legal malpractice claims, Martin v. Loury underscores the importance of closely scrutinizing an opponent's expert report on the critical elements of proximate causation and damages. The decision demonstrates that a malpractice claim cannot survive where an expert merely speculates that different litigation tactics might have produced a better result. Instead, the plaintiff must present admissible expert testimony grounded in the record that explains how the alleged attorney error probably changed the outcome of the underlying matter and resulted in measurable damages.

Result

No-Cause Jury Verdict Secured in Wrongful Death Trial

We successfully obtained a no-cause jury verdict in a 13-day wrongful death trial. The decedent, a 59-year-old man, was admitted to the emergency room on February 15, 2019, with complaints of abdominal pain, decreased appetite, and constipation, despite the use of laxatives. The patient did not complain of any nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea. He had a significant medical history including diabetes, hypertension, prior coronary artery stenting, morbid obesity (with past gastric bypass surgery), longstanding ventral hernia, and back pain. A CT scan revealed multiple hernias and a potential closed-loop bowel obstruction, leading to a surgery consultation. Our client, an emergency general surgeon, interpreted that the patient did not have a closed loop or any significant obstruction and recommended non-surgical management. The patient was approved to have clear liquids, and had a vomiting incident shortly after, but our client was not notified. The patient was returned to NPO status, and after improving overnight, he was returned to “clears” and additional medical and renal consults were ordered. Our client did not receive any communications from the residents/nurses of any changes in the patient’s condition. On February 18, 2019, two rapid responses were called due to increased heart rate and vomiting. It is believed that the vomiting resulted in aspiration, causing sepsis, ultimately leading to the patient’s death. During the trial, the plaintiff’s sole medical expert highlighted imaging on the wrong hernia, which called into question all of his opinions in the case. We made key objections related to the expert testimony, limiting what the allegations were, and preventing new allegations from being made. After approximately two and a half hours of deliberating, the jury returned a no-cause verdict.