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What's Hot in Workers' Comp

WHAT’S HOT IN WORKERS’ COMP - NEWS AND RESULTS*

What’s Hot in Workers’ Comp, Vol. 27, No. 8, August 2023

August 1, 2023

NEWS

Marshall Dennehey is proud to highlight the firm’s Workers’ Compensation Department attorneys who have been recognized in the 2024 editions of The Best Lawyers in America® and Best Lawyers: Ones to Watch™ and 2024 “Lawyers of the Year” in their respective practice areas and demographic regions. 

Since it was first published in 1983, Best Lawyers® has become universally regarded as the definitive guide to legal excellence. Best Lawyers lists are compiled based on an exhaustive peer-review evaluation. For more information, please visit https://www.bestlawyers.com/.

2024 LAWYERS OF THE YEAR
Pittsburgh: Daniel Deitrick, Workers’ Compensation Law – Employers
Harrisburg: Shannon Fellin, Workers’ Compensation Law – Employers 

2024 BEST LAWYERS IN AMERICA 
Harrisburg, PA

  • Brigid Alford, Insurance Law; Litigation – Insurance 
  • Kacey Wiedt, Workers’ Compensation Law – Employers 

King of Prussia, PA

  • Frank Wickersham, Workers’ Compensation Law – Employers 

Scranton, PA

  • Ross Carrozza, Workers’ Compensation Law – Employers 
  • Michael Sebastian, Workers’ Compensation Law – Employers 

Philadelphia, PA

  • Michele Punturi, Workers’ Compensation Law – Employers 

Pittsburgh, PA

  • Daniel Deitrick, Workers’ Compensation Law – Employers 

Wilmington, DE

  • Keri Morris-Johnston, Workers’ Compensation Law – Employers 

2024 BEST LAWYERS: ONES TO WATCH
Jacksonville, FL

  • Kelly Scifres, Workers’ Compensation Law – Employers 

Wilmington, DE

  • Benjamin Durstein, Workers’ Compensation Law – Employers 


Heather Byrer Carbone (Jacksonville, FL) was a panelist at the Workers’ Compensation Institute (WCI) Annual Conference in Orlando. In “Hot Topics for Attorneys,” representatives from both the claimant and defense bars discussed the most important and controversial case law decided by Florida appellate courts and the most relevant amendments to the law enacted by the Florida Legislature. As the nation’s largest workers’ compensation conference, this event brings together workers’ compensation professionals from across the country for an enhanced learning and educational experience.

Eli Hassinger (Philadelphia, PA) authored the article, “Pa. High Court Doubles Down on the Workers’ Comp Act’s Exclusivity Provision,” for Pennsylvania Law Weekly. You may read the article at this link: Click here. 

Andrea Rock (Philadelphia, PA) presented a webinar as part of the Philadelphia Bar Association Workers’ Comp Compliance Crusher 2023: Update on Important Issues in Workers' Compensation Practice. In “Navigating the Medicare Maze,” Andrea and plaintiff’s counsel co-panelist discussed the basics of Medicare, including who exactly is a Medicare Beneficiary and the reasonable expectation of Medicare enrollment. They highlighted how knowing the Medicare laws, the intricacies of Medicare Set-aside allocations, the effect of conditional payments, and the impact Medicare can have on settlement, are all imperative in the representation of clients.

 

RESULTS*

Tony Natale (Philadelphia, PA) successfully defended a Lebanon, Pennsylvania-based pharmaceutical manufacturer in the litigation of a claim petition. The claimant alleged an injury in the form of a fractured and crushed femur as a result of a fall off the roof of the manufacturing plant. Tony was able to convince the court that the claimant was not in the course and scope of employment at the time of the fall. Despite the claimant’s allegation that he was on the roof of the facility in the middle of the night to perform work duties, the court accepted rebuttal testimony and forensic evidence from the scene of the fall which proved that the claimant was taking a clandestine unauthorized smoke break on the roof of the facility and, therefore, not furthering the interests of the employer. The claimant also tested positive for marijuana after the fall and was ultimately discharged for cause. No benefits of any kind were awarded.

Tony Natale (Philadelphia, PA) successfully prosecuted a review petition on behalf of a 125-year-old manufacturer of power and grounding connectors and accessories, which challenged by way of causation a major surgery the claimant underwent after a work injury. The claimant injured her upper extremity at work. Many months later, she had a major surgery and alleged it was related to the injury. Tony convinced the court that the surgery was due to a genetic condition present prior to the work injury and that the condition was not aggravated by the work injury. All medical bills and disability related to the surgery were dismissed.

Tony Natale (Philadelphia, PA) successfully prosecuted a review petition filed on behalf of a Philadelphia-based insurance company. The underlying claim involved a specific loss amputation injury that was mistakenly accepted as compensable with a Lost Time Bureau document. The specific loss benefit rights expired upon receipt of the requisite number of weeks of benefits related to the claimant’s amputation injuries, but the Lost Time Bureau document remained open. The issue before the court was whether the carrier could challenge an open notice of compensation payable (now many years old) with an allegation that the injury was a specific loss from its inception. After effective legal wrangling, the court granted the review petition and closed out the indemnity benefits by finding the injury was at all times a specific loss.

Michele Punturi (Philadelphia, PA) and Audrey Copeland (King of Prussia, PA) convinced the Pennsylvania Commonwealth Court to affirm the decisions of the Appeal Board and the Workers’ Compensation Judge granting a petition to terminate benefits in favor of the firm’s client, the employer, an international automotive manufacturing corporation. The court found the Board did not err by affirming the judge’s finding that the employer established a change in the claimant’s medical condition, as the judge did not solely rely on the claimant’s testimony, but had credited the testimony of the employer’s medical expert of claimant’s full recovery. 
 
Andrea Rock (Philadelphia, PA) and Audrey Copeland (King of Prussia, PA) obtained a favorable decision from the Commonwealth Court, which affirmed the Appeal Board’s order upholding the judge’s decision denying a claim petition. The court rejected the claimant’s argument that the judge’s decision did not meet the “reasoned decision” requirement of Section 422(a) of the Pennsylvania Workers’ Compensation Act and that the claim petition should be granted for at least a limited period. The court agreed with the employer that the judge did not arbitrarily and capriciously disregard the employer’s medical witness’ testimony, that the claimant had sustained a low back strain and sprain that had resolved at the time of his IME. The court observed that the judge discredited the claimant's testimony and rejected the existence of any work-related injury, and that the employer’s expert’s opinion was based on the false history provided by the claimant and did not constitute an admission or competent evidence that a work-related injury occurred. 

Kristopher Starr (Wilmington, DE) defended a claimant’s petition for compensation, alleging injury to the entire left upper extremity (hand, wrist, elbow, shoulder) and neck from a work accident. The claimant claimed this injury resulted in carpal tunnel to the left wrist, cubital tunnel to the left elbow, internal derangement/injury to the left shoulder and a neck/cervical spine traction/pull injury. The claimant presented two Philadelphia-area orthopedic surgeons/specialists—Dr. Michael Birns, a shoulder specialist, and Dr. Julie Mayberry, a hand specialist. On behalf of the employer, Kris presented Dr. Jonathan Kates, an orthopedic surgeon. The claimant’s petition was denied in all respects. Key to this determination was evidence presented by Kris that the claimant started with complaints and treatment to the bilateral upper extremities for nerve injury well prior to his employment and the alleged work accident. The claimant had undergone a carpal tunnel release prior to his employment with the employer. Also, Kris’s cross-examination of the claimant’s shoulder expert limited his testimony to the left shoulder and produced the doctor’s admission that he was not qualified to address the left wrist, elbow or neck. The employer’s expert medical witness opined that the bilateral upper extremity nerve symptoms likely represented a neck nerve problem that pre-existed the work injury and caused a “double crush syndrome” emanating from the neck. The Board found the employer’s medical expert to be persuasive and credited the testimony of this witness, as well as Kris’s presentation of evidence demonstrating that many of the symptoms pre-existed the alleged work accident. Further, the Board found the cross-examination of the claimants specialist, Dr. Birns, effectively limited any evidence to the left shoulder only, which the Board did not find persuasive. The claimant’s petition was denied. 

John Swartz (Harrisburg, PA) was able to have claim and penalty petitions denied and dismissed in their entirety, and no litigation costs were awarded. The claimant had filed a claim petition seeking indemnity benefits for a low back injury allegedly occurring on April 26, 2022. In order to defend the petition, John presented two medical experts and testimony from the employer. John also presented evidence of failed drug tests of the claimant and criminal conviction records. The judge accepted our evidence and concluded the claimant did not suffer a disabling work injury.

John Swartz (Harrisburg, PA) successfully defended a claim petition seeking benefits. The claimant was injured on December 1, 2021, described as a right hand, right arm, shoulder, upper extremity and rib injury. The claimant underwent two surgeries. The first occurred in December 2021 as an emergency surgery. Then he had a thoracic outlet surgery performed in February 2023. The case was bifurcated on whether the claimant provided notice within 120 days of the injury as required by § 311 of the Act. The claimant testified on several occasions on this issue. John presented testimony from the employer’s witnesses that the claimant never reported a work injury. The claimant admitted he knew the condition was work-related in December 2021. First notice of the injury was when the claim petition was filed in September 2022, well after the 120-day period. The judge accepted the testimony of the employer’s witnesses on the issue of notice. The claim petition was denied and dismissed.

John Swartz (Harrisburg, PA) was successful in defending the claimant’s appeal to the Appeal Board regarding alleged non-payment of medications related to the claimant’s work injury in the amount of $21,319.08. The claimant sought a 50% penalty as well for non-payment of these medications. The Workers' Compensation Judge denied and dismissed the claimant’s penalty petition. The Appeal Board affirmed the Workers' Compensation Judge’s decision, which was based on the argument that the medical expenses were not specifically related to the accepted injury, which was a L4-5 disc herniation. Therefore, these medications were appropriately denied in their entirety.

*Prior Results Do Not Guarantee a Similar Outcome
 

 

What’s Hot in Workers’ Comp, Vol. 27, No. 8, August 2023, is prepared by Marshall Dennehey to provide information on recent legal developments of interest to our readers. This publication is not intended to provide legal advice for a specific situation or to create an attorney-client relationship. We would be pleased to provide such legal assistance as you require on these and other subjects when called upon. ATTORNEY ADVERTISING pursuant to New York RPC 7.1 Copyright © 2023 Marshall Dennehey, all rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reprinted without the express written permission of our firm. For reprints or inquiries, or if you wish to be removed from this mailing list, contact tamontemuro@mdwcg.com.

Firm Highlights

News

106 Marshall Dennehey Attorneys Recognized in the 2027 Editions of The Best Lawyers in America® and the Best Lawyers: Ones to Watch® in America

Marshall Dennehey is proud to highlight the firm’s 106 attorneys who have been recognized in the 2027 editions of The Best Lawyers in America® and the Best Lawyers: Ones to Watch® in America. Less than 6% of all practicing lawyers in the U.S. were selected by their peers for this recognition. Additionally, four of the firm’s attorneys received the Best Lawyers® 2027 “Lawyer of the Year” awards in their respective practice areas and demographic regions. Since it was first published in 1983, Best Lawyers® has become universally regarded as the definitive guide to legal excellence. Best Lawyers lists are compiled based on an exhaustive peer-review evaluation. For more information, please visit https://www.bestlawyers.com/. OUR 2027 LAWYERS OF THE YEAR Harrisburg, PA Christopher Reeser, Personal Injury Litigation - Defendants Kacey Wiedt, Workers Compensation Law - Employers Roseland, NJ Justin F. Johnson, Medical Malpractice Law - Defendants Leonard Leicht, Personal Injury Litigation - Defendants   OUR 2026 BEST LAWYERS IN AMERICA Philadelphia, PA Nicholas D. Bowers, Personal Injury Litigation - Defendants Josh J. T. Byrne, Professional Malpractice Law - Defendants Jefferey J. Chomko, Insurance Law James H. Cole, Insurance Law John J. Delany III, Personal Injury Litigation - Defendants Laurianne Falcone, Personal Injury Litigation - Defendants John P. Gonzales, Employment Law - Management John Hare, Appellate Practice Daniel D. Krebbs, Personal Injury Litigation - Defendants Michele Punturi, Workers' Compensation Law - Employers Bradley D. Remick, Product Liability Litigation - Defendants Andrea Cicero Rock, Workers' Compensation Law - Employers Robin M. Romano, Workers' Compensation Law - Employers Daniel J. Ryan, Jr., Personal Injury Litigation - Defendants Gary M. Samms, Professional Malpractice Law - Defendants Christopher N. Santoro, Personal Injury Litigation – Defendants; Product Liability Litigation -Defendants Josh D. Scheets, Personal Injury Litigation - Defendants Robert P. Schenk, Workers' Compensation Law - Employers Robert E. Smith, Insurance Law Robin Snyder, Litigation - Health Care Michael L. Turner, Commercial Litigation; Criminal Defense: White-Collar; Mass Tort Litigation / Class Actions - Defendants Claire Breaux Ventola, Product Liability Litigation - Defendants Pittsburgh, PA Melissa Devich Cochran, Commercial Litigation; Mass Tort Litigation / Class Actions – Defendants; Product Liability Litigation - Defendants  John F. Deasy, Personal Injury Litigation – Defendants; Product Liability Litigation - Defendants Daniel W. Deitrick, Workers' Compensation Law - Employers Douglas C. LaSota, Litigation - Construction; Mass Tort Litigation / Class Actions - Defendants Joseph V. Lesinski, Product Liability Litigation – Defendants   Christian D. Marquis, Personal Injury Litigation - Defendants Patricia A. Monahan, Insurance Law; Litigation - Insurance Patrick T. Reilly, Commercial Litigation; Mass Tort Litigation / Class Actions – Defendants; Product Liability Litigation - Defendants Brett C. Shear, Medical Malpractice Law - Defendants Teresa O. Sirianni, Education Law; Employment Law – Management; Litigation - Labor and Employment Stuart Sostmann, Product Liability Litigation – Defendants Danielle M. Vugrinovich, Mass Tort Litigation / Class Actions - Defendants Scranton, PA Sarah E. Argo, Litigation - Insurance Michael J. Connolly, Personal Injury Litigation – Defendants; Professional Malpractice Law - Defendants Matthew Keris, Litigation - Health Care; Medical Malpractice Law - Defendants John T. McGrath, Jr., Insurance Law; Medical Malpractice Law – Defendants; Product Liability Litigation - Defendants William J. McPartland, Insurance Law John R. Nealon, Product Liability Litigation - Defendants Victoria Scanlon, Health Care Law; Litigation - Health Care; Medical Malpractice Law - Defendants Michael A. Sebastian, Workers' Compensation Law - Employers Thomas A. Specht, Insurance Law; Litigation - Insurance Suzanne Tighe, Litigation Insurance Harrisburg , PA Casey Alan Coyle, Administrative/Regulatory Law; Appellate Practice; Commercial Litigation Brittany E. Bakshi, Personal Injury Litigation - Defendants Shannon P. Fellin, Workers' Compensation Law - Employers Allison Krupp, Insurance Law John R. Ninosky, Litigation – Insurance; Personal Injury Litigation - Defendants Christopher Reeser, Personal Injury Litigation - Defendants Kacey Wiedt, Workers' Compensation Law – Employers King of Prussia, PA  Michael L. Detweiler, Construction Law Joseph L. Hoynoski III, Medical Malpractice Law - Defendants Gregory J. Kelley, Construction Law, Litigation - Construction Anthony Natale III, Workers' Compensation Law - Employers Francis X. Wickersham, Workers' Compensation Law - Employers A. Judd Woytek, Workers' Compensation Law – Employers Erie, PA Patrick M. Carey, Personal Injury Litigation - Defendants Joel M. Snavely, Health Care Law; Insurance Law New Haven, CT Michael Wrona, Commercial Litigation, Litigation - Bankruptcy  Mount Laurel, NJ David D. Blake, Litigation - Insurance Barbara Davis, Personal Injury Litigation - Defendants Lynne Nahmani, Litigation - Health Care John H. Osorio, Personal Injury Litigation - Defendants John L. Slimm, Legal Malpractice Law – Defendants; Professional Malpractice Law – Defendants Roseland, NJ Robert T. Evers, Medical Malpractice Law - Defendants Justin F. Johnson, Medical Malpractice Law - Defendants Julia Klubenspies, Medical Malpractice Law - Defendants Leonard C. Leicht, Personal Injury Litigation - Defendants Patricia M. McDonagh, Appellate Practice Sunny Sparano, Litigation - Construction Randall S. Watts, Health Care Law New York, NY Tonya M. Lindsey, Medical Malpractice Law - Defendants Tampa, FL Michael Archibald, Personal Injury Litigation - Defendants Lindsay G. McCormick, Litigation – Construction Orlando, FL Thomas F. Brown, Personal Injury Litigation - Defendants Dante C. Rohr, Commercial Litigation Fort Lauderdale, FL Kimberly Kanoff Berman, Appellate Practice Patrick M. Delong, Personal Injury Litigation – Defendants Jacksonville, FL  Heather Byrer Carbone, Workers' Compensation Law - Employers Linda Wagner Farrell, Workers' Compensation Law - Employers Elizabeth B. Ferguson, Litigation - Construction James P. Hanratty, Personal Injury Litigation – Defendants Wilmington, DE Sarah B. Cole, Litigation - Insurance Benjamin K. Durstein, Workers' Compensation Law - Employers Maria R. Granaudo, Medical Malpractice Law - Defendants  Keri L. Morris-Johnston, Workers' Compensation Law - Employers Cincinnati, OH Timothy B. Schenkel, Personal Injury Litigation - Defendants David E. Williamson, Personal Injury Litigation - Defendants Cleveland, OH Vincent E. Cononico, Litigation – Insurance, Personal Injury Litigation - Defendants Jillian L. Dinehart, Personal Injury Litigation - Defendants David J. Fagnilli, Insurance Law Jason P. Ferrante, Health Care Law, Litigation - Health Care Andrew H. Isakoff, Transportation Law Leslie M. Jenny, Litigation - Health Care; Medical Malpractice Law – Defendant OUR 2026 BEST LAWYERS: ONES TO WATCH Jacksonville, FL Sean J. Reeves, Personal Injury Litigation – Defendants; Product Liability Litigation - Defendants Orlando, FL Carolin A. Pacheco, Insurance Law Mount Laurel Stacey Gorin, Insurance Law Melville, NY Kimberly Gitlin, Personal Injury Litigation – Defendants Matthew A. Gray, Insurance Law; Personal Injury Litigation - Defendants Philadelphia, PA Holli K. Archer, Health Care Law; Medical Malpractice Law – Defendants; Professional Malpractice Law Emily Pritchyk, Commercial Litigation; Product Liability Litigation – Defendants Pittsburgh, PA Taylor E. Kosko, Mass Tort Litigation / Class Actions – Defendants; Personal Injury Litigation - Defendants Alana Staniszewski, Workers' Compensation Law - Employers Michael D. Winsko, Product Liability Litigation – Defendants; Transportation Law King of Prussia, PA Richard Lechette, Commercial Litigation; Insurance Law, Personal Injury Litigation – Defendants

Thought Leadership

Commonwealth Court Deemed Worker an Employee Despite Independent Contractor Agreement; Insurer Estopped from Denying Coverage

In this case, the claimant filed a Claim Petition for injuries sustained on October 28, 2019, naming J&S as his Employer, and alleging that the injuries occurred when he fell from a ladder while installing a satellite dish for Dish Network. Dish Network contracted with J&S to install satellite dishes. Subsequently J&S filed a Petition to Join Brickstreet Insurance Company and the claimant filed a Claim Petition against the Uninsured Employer Guaranty Fund. The Fund then joined Dish Network as another employer.  Before the Workers’ Compensation Judge (WCJ), the claimant testified that he was hired in 2015 by J&S and at the time signed an Independent Contractor Agreement (IC Agreement). J&S defended the case on the basis that the claimant was not an employee, but was an independent contractor, even after the IC Agreement expired. Additional evidence showed that, at the time of the October 28, 2019, work injury, J&S’ workers’ compensation insurance with Brickstreet had lapsed, even though a Brickstreet agent had been working to renew J&S’ policy and had a Certificate for coverage from September 25, 2019 to September 25, 2020 issued, with Dish Network listed as the Certificate Holder. A renewal policy was not in effect at the time the Certificate was issued and the agent learned on October 25, 2019 that Brickstreet was not going to renew their policy with J&S, due to an unpaid premium.    Ultimately, the WCJ found that the claimant was an employee of J&S at the time of the work injury and that J&S did not have a workers’ compensation policy in place at the time, due to their failure to pay the renewal premium to Brickstreet. The WCJ also found Dish Network was a Statutory Employer under Section 302(a) of the Act. The Claim Petition and the Guaranty Fund Claim Petition were both granted, as was the Guaranty Fund’s Petition to Join Dish Network. The WCJ also denied J&S’ Petition to Join Brickstreet, finding that neither J&S or Dish Network showed that Brickstreet was estopped from denying coverage. J&S and Dish Network appealed to the Workers’ Compensation Appeal Board (Board) and the Board affirmed. J&S and Dish Network appealed to the Commonwealth Court. The Commonwealth Court rejected J&S' argument that the claimant was an independent contractor. In doing so, the court noted that the claimant credibly testified that he worked for J&S full time, could not work for another company, and that J&S, scheduled his jobs, tracked him, and scheduled additional installations, if he finished early. Additionally, the court noted the claimant lacked discretion in the manner he performed his job, because all questions had to be referred to J&S.  As for Dish Network’s appeal, the court held that the WCJ erred in holding that Brickstreet was not estopped from denying coverage as to Dish Network. According to the court, the insurance agent was an authorized representative of Brickstreet and, at the direction of J&S, issued the Certificate of Insurance that he knew was not accurate at the time, and was aware would be presented as proof of coverage for J&S. Dish Network relied upon that information and continued to use J&S, ultimately leading to Dish Network being named as the Statutory Employer liable for payment of benefits because of J&S’ uninsured status. The court held that the Board erred in affirming the WCJ ’s conclusion that Dish Network did not establish that Brickstreet was equitably estopped from denying coverage, reversed the decision below, and remanded the case to the WCJ. 

Thought Leadership

Florida Supreme Court Adopts Traditionally More Expansive Concept of Occupational Causation

The Florida Supreme Court issued a significant decision rebuking the First District Court of Appeal (1st DCA) in the high-profile case of Bouayad v. Normandy Insurance Co., a case addressing the compensability of workplace injuries resulting from assaults by third-party tortfeasors. The Judge of Compensation Claims (JCC) found the claimant was entitled to workers' compensation benefits, relying in part on the Florida Supreme Court's earlier decision in Strother v. Morrison Cafeteria from 1980. In Strother, the Court upheld an award of benefits to a cashier who was assaulted and robbed by individuals who followed her home from work under the mistaken belief that she was carrying restaurant cash deposits. In Bouayad, the 1st DCA concluded that the claimant's injuries were not compensable because they did not arise out of his employment. The Florida Supreme Court disagreed, holding that the 1st DCA applied too narrow an interpretation of the "arising out of employment" requirement. In doing so, the Court reaffirmed a broader and more traditional view of occupational causation than that recently adopted by the 1st DCA. The claimant in Bouayad was the general manager of a car rental business operating from a hotel near an airport. Around midnight, while walking along a covered outdoor walkway from the hotel's atrium, where the rental kiosk was located, to an office near the pool, he was shot multiple times by an unidentified assailant. As part of his regular duties, the claimant carried rental agreements and cash receipts from the kiosk to the office at the end of each shift. After the shooting, the claimant managed to return to the hotel atrium, where he stated that he believed "Robert" had shot him, referring to an individual who had threatened the claimant's son the previous day. The assailant, however, was never identified. Consequently, the Supreme Court analyzed the case as involving an unknown third party while the claimant was acting within the course and scope of his employment. The central issue therefore was whether the injury "arose out of" the claimant’s employment. At the final hearing, the claimant presented evidence regarding the risks and hazards associated with his employment, including the nature of his duties, his late-night work schedule, and the location of the business in a high-turnover hotel near a major airport. His expert opined that these factors exposed him to an increased risk of becoming the victim of a crime while at work. In contrast, the employer/carrier's expert characterized the shooting as a targeted attack rather than a robbery and asserted that the risk of violent crime was actually higher near the claimant's residence than at the hotel. Based on that analysis, the expert concluded that the claimant was not exposed to an increased workplace risk. The 1st DCA focused narrowly on the specific activity the claimant was performing at the moment of injury. According to the court, the claimant's “work performed” at the time of the shooting was simply "walking" between two employer-operated locations, and that act of walking did not itself cause the injury. The Florida Supreme Court found this analysis far too myopic and inconsistent with decades of workers' compensation precedent. Reaffirming longstanding principles of workplace causation, the Court explained that the proper inquiry is not whether the precise physical task being performed at the moment of injury directly caused the harm. Rather, the relevant question is whether the employment, viewed as a whole, exposed the worker to risks and hazards that contributed to the injury. The decision is significant because it reinforces a broader conception of work-relatedness in the “arising out of” compensability analysis. Instead of limiting the causation analysis to the employee's discrete physical activity at the time of injury, courts must consider the totality of the employment circumstances, including the employee's duties, work environment, hours, and occupational risks. Under that framework, an injury may arise out of employment when the employment places the employee in a position of increased hazard, even if the specific task being performed at the moment of injury is not itself the direct cause of the harm.

Thought Leadership

Appellate Division Affirmed Trial Judge’s Orders Granting Summary Judgement for Defendants on COVID-19 Case

In Dunne v. Advanced Subacute Rehab Servs. at Sewell, LLC, et al., the plaintiffs appealed from two Law Division orders. By way of background, Louis Doto, Sr. (Doto) worked for BP & SC Services, Inc. (BP). BP leased Doto to Advanced Subacute Rehabilitation Center at Sewell, LLC (Advanced Subacute) and it had control of his work, paid wages, and had the power to hire or fire him. A BP employee was assigned to the facility to train and supervise him and BP was responsible for securing workers’ compensation coverage. Doto worked as an aide in the laundry department. Linen from COVID-19 residents were delivered in clearly marked bags and he had no direct contact with residents. A co-worker, Sheila Smith, was also an aide and she never contracted COVID-19 at the facility. Advanced Subacute did not require Doto to wear an N-95 mask, but instead a surgical mask, though N-95 masks were available to all employees. He was also required to attend period mandatory meetings with other high-risk employees, the last of which he attended was in November 2020. All employees were required to test for COVID-19 and there were no reported cases from June to October 2020. On December 23, 2020, Doto tested positive for COVID-19 and passed away on January 18, 2021. The last member of housekeeping that Doto may have encountered tested positive 22 days earlier. After his death, OSHA found two “serious” violations concerning the N-95 masks worn by housekeepers. In response, Advanced Subacute fit tested all non-clinical staff. Doto’s estate filed a workers’ compensation claim and named both BP and Advanced Subacute as his employer. The estate received an award. In July 2022, the plaintiffs filed a complaint in the Law Division, alleging wrongful death and survivor causes of action. In October 2024, the defendants moved for summary judgment, arguing: 1) immunity pursuant to the Emergency Health Powers Act: 2) the exclusive remedy provision of the Workers’ Compensation Act; 3) Doto’s inability to establish infection at the facility; 4) net expert opinions by the plaintiffs’ expert; and 5) inadmissibility of the OSHA report. The plaintiffs opposed and filed a cross-motion for summary judgment, arguing: 1) no immunity as Advanced Subacute engaged in gross negligent or willful misconduct; 2) no preclusion by the Workers’ Compensation Act as Doto was not Advanced Subacute’s employee; and 3) no net expert opinions. In February 2025, the judge issued a written decision granting the defendants’ motion. Specifically, he found Advanced Subacute’s COVID-19 immunity precluded the plaintiffs’ claim as no reasonable jury could find any gross negligence or utter disregard for Doto’s safety. He also addressed the other defenses for completeness. The plaintiffs moved for reconsideration and the judge issued another written decision denying the plaintiffs’ motion in April 2025. The plaintiffs then appealed both decision. The Appellate Division affirmed the orders for reasons stated by the judge in his written decisions. The Appellate Division only added: 1) Advanced Subacute acted consistently with the legislative grant of immunity; 2) there was no doubt Doto was an employee of both BP and Advanced Subacute and the latter may have inadvertently failed to follow some precautions; and 3) confirmed the plaintiffs’ experts did not identify a basis for their opinions. Ultimately, the Appellate Division found no reason to disturb the judge’s well-reasoned decisions and affirmed the judge’s orders.